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1. O類電器：

依靠基本絕(jue)緣(yuan)防止觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器。它沒(mei)有(you)接地保(bao)(bao)護，在(zai)(zai)容易接近的(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)分(fen)和設備(bei)固定布線(xian)中的(de)保(bao)(bao)護導體(ti)之間(jian)，沒(mei)有(you)連接措施。在(zai)(zai)基本絕(jue)緣(yuan)損壞(huai)的(de)情(qing)況下，便依賴于周圍環境進行保(bao)(bao)護的(de)設備(bei)。一般這種設備(bei)使用在(zai)(zai)工(gong)作環境良好(hao)的(de)場合。近年來對家用電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)安全要求日益嚴格，O類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器已日漸減(jian)少，老式單速拉線(xian)開關控制的(de)吊扇就屬于O類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器。

2. OⅠ類電器：

至少整體(ti)具有(you)(you)基本絕緣和帶有(you)(you)一個(ge)接(jie)地(di)(di)端(duan)子(zi)的電(dian)器(qi)，電(dian)源軟線中沒(mei)有(you)(you)接(jie)地(di)(di)導(dao)線、插(cha)頭上也沒(mei)有(you)(you)接(jie)地(di)(di)保(bao)護插(cha)腳(jiao)，不能(neng)插(cha)入帶有(you)(you)接(jie)地(di)(di)端(duan)的電(dian)源插(cha)座(zuo)。老式(shi)國產波動式(shi)電(dian)動洗衣機大多是(shi)OⅠ類(lei)電(dian)器(qi)。如(ru)圖片所(suo)示(shi)，只備有(you)(you)接(jie)地(di)(di)端(duan)子(zi)，而沒(mei)有(you)(you)將接(jie)地(di)(di)線接(jie)到接(jie)地(di)(di)端(duan)子(zi)上，使用時由用戶用接(jie)地(di)(di)線將機殼直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)地(di)(di)。

3.Ⅰ類電器(Class I)

除依(yi)靠基(ji)本絕(jue)緣進行防觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)外，還包括一(yi)項附加安全措施(shi)，方法是(shi)將易(yi)觸及(ji)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)件和已安裝在(zai)(zai)固定線路中的保護(hu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)導線連接(jie)(jie)(jie)起來，使容易(yi)觸及(ji)的導電(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)分在(zai)(zai)基(ji)本絕(jue)緣失效時，也不會成(cheng)為帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體。例如，冰箱、電(dian)(dian)(dian)熨斗等都(dou)是(shi)Ⅰ類電(dian)(dian)(dian)器—連接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)線。

4. Ⅱ類電器(Class II)

不僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)依(yi)賴基本絕緣，而且還具有(you)附(fu)加(jia)的安全(quan)預(yu)防措施(shi)。一般(ban)是(shi)采用雙重絕緣或加(jia)強絕緣結構，但是(shi)否安裝保(bao)護接地則根據(ju)安裝條件而定，不作硬(ying)性規定。例(li)如(ru)，電熱毯大(da)多(duo)是(shi)Ⅱ類電器。

5. Ⅲ類電器(qi)(Class III)

這(zhe)類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是(shi)依靠隔離變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)獲得(de)特(te)(te)(te)低安全(quan)(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來進行防觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護。同時在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)內(nei)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)任(ren)何(he)部(bu)位，均不會產生比安全(quan)(quan)特(te)(te)(te)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。IEC國(guo)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工委員會的(de)(de)出版物中的(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)特(te)(te)(te)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，是(shi)指為(wei)防止(zhi)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)事(shi)故而(er)采用的(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)定(ding)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)上限值，在(zai)任(ren)何(he)情況下，兩個導(dao)體(ti)間或(huo)任(ren)一導(dao)體(ti)與地之間，均不得(de)超過交流有效值50V(50～500Hz)。我國(guo)規定(ding)安全(quan)(quan)特(te)(te)(te)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)額(e)定(ding)值等(deng)級(ji)為(wei)42V、36V、24V、12V、6V，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設備采用了(le)超過24V的(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時，必須采取防止(zhi)直接(jie)接(jie)觸帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)的(de)(de)保護措(cuo)施。目(mu)前使用的(de)(de)移動式照(zhao)明燈多屬(shu)Ⅲ類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。

關鍵詞：安規測試儀；安規綜(zong)合測(ce)試(shi)儀；電器安全(quan)性(xing)能綜(zong)合測(ce)試(shi)儀